Intermediate English Grammar

Hello Everyone...

My name is Nurul Hidayati, I am a student of State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya. Let's learn English again ... Instead of our days just being used for playing, traveling, or shopping, it's better to learn English. The benefits are a lot for our future. So, in this materials I will discuss what is tenses? and especially about the present tense. I hope, this materials can be useful for readers and can increase readers' knowledge of tenses. Happy reading guys.

Tenses are forms of verbs that indicate the time of occurrence of an event. Whereas in the Oxford Dictionary, tenses mean changes in verbs that affect the time and occurrence of events. In Indonesian, there is no change in the verb, so that an event occurs can only be seen from the information of time. Whereas in English, the time and verb description changes.

Based on the time of occurrence the tenses are divided into four groups based on the time of their occurrence, namely as follows:

1.      Present: Used to express an event or event that occurred at this time or now.

2.      Past: Used to express an event or event that occurred in the past.

3.      Future: used to state something in the future, or it can be called a plan.

4.      Past future: used to declare something planned, but the plan fails (Unreal tenses).

Based on the type of character occurring, it is divided into four types, as follows:

1. Simple: Routines;

2. Continuous: In progress;

3. Perfect: It's finished;

4. Perfect Continuous: Still in progress.

So, based on that, there are sixteen tenses. In this discussion, I provide explanations, sentence formulas, and examples of present tense. In the present sentence there are several types of sentences, namely:

1. Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is a form of time that is used to express an action or activity that takes place or occurs at the present time in a simple form, an activity or work that is done repeatedly, or a daily habit, or an act that has nothing to do with time .

Ø  Verbal Sentences (Sentences that use verbs)

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(+) Subject (I/You/They/We) + Invinitive (V1) + Object

(+) Subject (She/He/It) + Invinitive (V1) + s / es + Object

(-) Subject + do / does + not + Invinitive (V1) + Object

(?) Do / does + Subject + Invinitive (V1) + Object

·         Example:

(+) I visit my grandmother every month.

(-) I don't visit my gandmother every month.

(?) Do I visit my grandmother every month?

Ø  Nominal sentence :

·          Sentence pattern or formula:

(Subject + To be (am/is/are) + 3C)

·         Example:

She is a doctor.

Ø  Time Signal:

Every morning, every day, every month, in the morning, once a week, twice a week, twice a day, and etc.

2. Present Continuous Tense

 Present Continuous Tense is a form of time that is used to express an action, situation or event that is happening when it is discussed.

Ø  Verbal sentence (sentence that uses verbs)

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(+) Subject + To be (am/is/are)  + Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

(-) Subject + To be (am/is/are) + not + Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

(?) To be  (am/is/are) + Subject + Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

·         Example:

(+) I am reading a newspaper.

(-) I'm not reading a newspaper.

(?) Am I reading a newspaper?

Ø  Nominal Sentence :

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(Subject + To be  (am/is/are) + 3C)

·         Example:

It is a dictionary.

Ø  Time signal:

Now, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, today, at the moment, right now, and etc.

3. Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is a form of time used to express an action or activity that occurs at an indefinite time in the past. And when talking about the act, it was done.

Ø  Verbal Sentences (Sentences that use verbs)

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(+) Subject + Has / have + Past participle (V3) + Object

(-) Subject + Has / have + Past participle (V3) + Object + Object

(?) Has / have + Subject + Past participle (V3) + Object

·         Example :

(+) I have written a letter.

(-) I have not written a letter.

(?) Have I written a letter?

Ø  Nominal Sentence : 

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(Subject + Has / have + been + 3C)

·         Example:

She has been here since yesterday.

Ø Time signal:

Since, since for yesterday, for, for three days, and etc.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time that is used to express actions or circumstances that began at the time of the lamp and still continue to this day.

Ø  Verbal Sentences (Sentences that use verbs) 

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(+) Subject + Has / have + been Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

(-) Subject + Has / have + not + been Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

(?) Has / have + Subject + been Invinitive (V1) + ing + Object

·         Example:

(+) I have been writing a letter for three hours.

(-) I have been writing a letter for three hours.

(?) Have I been writing a letter for three hours?

ØNominal sentence: 

·         Sentence pattern or formula:

(Subject + Has / have + been + 3C)

·         Example:

She has been here for three hours.

Ø Time Signal:

For, for three hours, since, since 1999, lately, recently, long, the whole days, for five weeks, for ten years, and etc.

I hope this discussion is useful and can make it easier to understand Tenses.

Thank You Guys.... bye..bye